Kampelite,Ba3Mg1.5Sc4(PO4)6(OH)3·4H2O,a new very complex Ba-Sc phosphate mineral from the Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite complex (Kola Peninsula,Russia)

Mineralogy and Petrology - Kampelite, Ba3Mg1.5Sc4(PO4)6(OH)3·4H2O, is a new Ba-Sc phosphate from the Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite complex (Kola Peninsula, Russia). It is orthorhombic, Pnma,...     

Spontaneous Emission of Gravity Waves by Interacting Vortex Dipoles in a Stratified Fluid: Laboratory Experiments

Results from a new series of experiments on the geophysically important issue of spontaneous emission of internal gravity waves during unsteady interactions of vortical structures are presented. Vortex dipoles are a common element of a quasi-two-dimensional turbulent flow. Vortex dipoles perform translational motion and can collide with other vortices. During collision events the flow is unsteady and unbalanced and a further adjustment process associated with these events can therefore result in the spontaneous emission of gravity waves. Our laboratory experiments demonstrate that gravity waves are emitted when two translating vortex dipoles interact (collide) in a layered fluid, in accord with the current theoretical results. The emission was evident both in a two-layer system and in a fluid with a linear distribution of density with depth. The waves were generated during the period of deceleration of the secondary dipoles which constitute a vortex quadrupole emerging immediately after the collision of the primary dipoles.     

The Study Internal Structure of the Annual Layers in Lake Sediments Using Synchrotron Radiation with X-ray Focusing Optics

正1 Introduction Annually laminated(varve)sedimentary deposits are considered as one of the most important archives,since they offer precise temporal information(years)in combination with high time resolutions.Bottom sediments of the lakes contain detailed geochemical information on     

Rainfall–runoff model parameter estimation and uncertainty evaluation on small plots

Four seasonal rainfall simulations in 2009 and 2010 were applied to a field containing 36 plots (0.75 × 2 m each), resulting in 144 runoff events. In all simulations, a constant rate of rainfall was applied then halted 60 min after initiation of runoff, with plot‐scale monitoring of runoff every 5 min during that period. Runoff was simulated with the Kinematic Runoff and Erosion/Simulator of Transport with Infiltration and Runoff (KINEROS2/STWIR) field‐scale model, whose hydrodynamics are based on the kinematic wave equation. Because of the non‐linear nature of the model and a highly parameterized model with respect to the available data, several approaches were investigated to upscale nine runoff‐related parameters from a series of small monitored plots to the field scale. Inverse modeling was performed using the model‐independent Parameter ESTimation (PEST) algorithm to individually calibrate the nine KINEROS2/STWIR parameters on 36 plots. The parameters were averaged, and bootstrapping was used to assess uncertainty of the parameters via estimation of confidence intervals (CI). A Monte Carlo simulation using the bootstrap results showed reasonable field‐scale representation of flow rates. Median values of calibrated parameters were within the 95% CI obtained with bootstrapping. The simulated results for the median values associated with the 90% CI flow rates produced similar trends as those exhibited with the observed data, suggesting that median values of the calibrated parameters from the PEST inverse modeling could be used to represent the field scale. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

COMPARISON OF SEDIMENT DISCHARGE PREDICTIONS FOR SMALL WATERSREDS IN THE SOUTRWESTERN UNITED STATES

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮ　ＯＦ　ＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴ　ＤＩＳＣＨＡＲＧＥ　ＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＳ　ＦＯＲ　ＳＭＡＬＬ　ＷＡＴＥＲＳＲＥＤＳ　ＩＮ　ＴＨＥ　ＳＯＵＴＲＷＥＳＴＥＲＮ　ＵＮＩＴＥＤ　ＳＴＡＴＥＳＹａｋｏｖＷＩＧＤＯＲ；ＶｉｃｅｎｔｅＬ．ＬＯＰＥＳ...     

Deformation zones under square footings supported by clayey soils

Footing settlements depend not only on physical and mechanical properties of base soils, but also on applied load intensities and their distributions with depth, as well as on footing rigidity, shape and dimensions. An analytical expression relating rigid bearing plate and/or footing settlements to thicknesses of deformation (active) zones, which form below footing bottoms, has been previously offered by the author. The results of tests performed with 0.5, 1.0 and 4.0 m²-area square footings, constructed on undisturbed clayey soils and containing data describing active zone development, were collected from literature and analyzed. This paper presents graphical relationships between square footing settlements, active zone thicknesses and footing dimensions, which are verified by published test results performed with experimental square footings, having areas different than the ones selected for statistical analyses.